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  • Airborne infrared astronomy. Alan Meyer (left) and Roger Hildebrand seen during a flight of the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO). The screen displays show the image made by the alignment telescope (left) and the infrared telescope (right). The KAO is a converted Lockheed C-141A Starlifter aircraft, containing a 90-cm infrared telescope. Flying at up to 12,500 meters, the KAO can cruise well above most of the atmospheric water vapor,, which absorbs far-infrared radiation. The KAO also contains computerized data reduction and analysis stations. Operated by NASA, the first flight of the KAO was in January [1992] NASA AMES Research Center at Moffett Field, Mountain View, California. Infrared telescope looking at gas clouds. [1992]
    USA_SCI_NASA_15_xs.jpg
  • Practical astronomy. A logbook and calculator used by a crewmember of the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO). The logbook details the times at, which liquid helium and nitrogen were added to the cryogenic system of the KAO's far-infrared telescope. At right is a chart used to plan observations with an infrared polarimeter fitted to the telescope. The calculator, a programmable type, may be used for work on preliminary data. NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory: Astronomy from the stratosphere. NASA AMES Research Center at Moffett Field, Mountain View, California. Data gathered during a mission to be analyzed.
    USA_SCI_NASA_17_xs.jpg
  • The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC]: Seismic Monitor Nuclear test project in The Republic of Kazakhstan. In 1986 the USSR Academy of Sciences allowed the NRDC to install seismic monitoring instruments within a few hundred kilometers of their nuclear test site to verify that the USSR was not testing nuclear weapons underground during the nuclear test ban. By allowing this monitoring on their soil and by monitoring near the Nevada test site in the USA, mutual trust was built that facilitated the end of the Cold War. Jon Berger at the Karkarlinsk Field lab. MODEL RELEASED (1987]
    KAZ_SCI_NUKE_17_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, California. Control Room [1988]. Instrumentation displays inside the control room of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989.
    USA_SCI_PHY_29_xs.jpg
  • Students listening for ultrasonic acoustic emissions from a grape vine at UC Davis, California. (1986) Viticulture/Oenology MODEL RELEASED. USA.
    USA_WINE_09_xs.jpg
  • Launching weather balloon with field mills into storm. Balloon is 1500 cubic feet surplus nylon with fins that is tethered and carries an electronic field meter. Langmuir Atmospheric Research Lab on Mt. Baldy, New Mexico (1992)
    USA_SCI_LIG_18_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, California. Control Room..Instrumentation displays inside the control room of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_22_xs.jpg
  • Alan Weinstein from the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, seen with a computer-simulated collision event between an electron and a positron. The SLC produces Z-zero particles by this collision process, which takes place at energies high enough for the electron and positron to annihilate one another, the Z-zero left decaying rapidly into another electron/positron pair or a quark/anti-quark pair. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was discovered at CERN in 1983. The first Z-zero seen at SLC was detected on 11 April 1989. MODEL RELEASED [1988] Menlo Park, California.
    USA_SCI_PHY_06_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Proton Decay control room. Cleveland, Ohio, Morton Salt Mine proton decay detector located 600 meters underground in the Morton salt mine near Cleveland, Ohio, which consists of a massive tank containing 21 cubic meters of ultra pure water, its walls lined with photomultiplier tubes, which detect faint flashes of Cerenkov light emitted by the passage of charged particles. [1985]
    USA_SCI_PHY_24_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Pat Burchat, with a computer simulation reflected in her glasses at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Large Detector. Computer Simulated Event. Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) experiment, Menlo Park, California. With a length of 3km, the Stanford Linear Accelerator is the largest of its kind in the world. The accelerator is used to produce streams of electrons and positrons, which collide at a combined energy of 100 GeV (Giga electron Volts). This massive energy is sufficient to produce Z-zero particles in the collision. The Z-zero is one of the mediators of the weak nuclear force, the force behind radioactive decay, and was first discovered at CERN, Geneva, in 1983. The first Z-zero at SLC was produced on 11 April 1989. MODEL RELEASED [1988]
    USA_SCI_PHY_09_xs.jpg
  • A diamond polisher works on a gem in a diamond polishing factory at NamCot Diamonds in Windhoek, Namibia. Diamonds are one of Namibia's major exports, and  while conflict diamonds grab the headlines, the fact is that the industry does provide a fairly decent living for many.
    NAM_090306_254_xw.jpg
  • Virtual reality: data suit design. John Bumgarner at VPL Research Inc., Redwood City, California, discussing technical points relating to the design of the blue data suit being worn by Lou Ellen Jones on left. VPL produces virtual reality systems - computer generated graphical environments that a user may enter & interact with. Visual contact is provided by a headset equipped with 3-D goggles. A spatial sensor on the headset (to fix the user's position in space) and numerous optical fiber sensors woven into the data suit relay data back to the computer. The forerunner to the data suit is the data glove, which restricted the user's virtual interaction to hand gestures. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_33_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality. Jamaea Commodore wears a virtual reality headset and data glove appears immersed in a computer-generated world. Virtual reality headsets contain two screens in front of the eyes, both displaying a computer- generated environment such as a room or landscape. The screens show subtly different perspectives to create a 3-D effect. The headset responds to movements of the head, changing the view so that the user can look around. Sensors on the data glove track the hand, allowing the user to manipulate objects in the artificial world with a virtual hand that appears in front of them. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_28_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality. Cyberspace racquetball game: real strokes made by Christopher Allis, the player are returned by the Cyberspace computer through the virtual, computer- generated environment displayed on the monitor. Admission to this virtual squash court is provided by 3-D video goggles, a magnetic sensor & optical fiber sensors woven into a black rubber glove. The headset sensor transmits data to the computer on the player's position in space, whilst the data glove connects real hand movements to the virtual racquet court. Photo taken at AutoDesk Inc., Sausalito, California. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_27_xs.jpg
  • Forensic research. (1992) Argentine Forensic Anthropology team in morgue of San Isidrio Hospital measuring and cataloguing bones of a "desparacido" a disappeared Argentinian.  Mercedes Doretti (sleeveless), Patricia Bernardi, Silvana Turner (short hair), Carlos (Marco) Somigliana (beard), Luis Fondebrider.  Data is entered into a computer and eventually they hope to match data to make an ID.  They hope to extract DNA from bones for DNA fingerprinting. Skeleton in a forensic laboratory. The bones have been numbered for identification. The researchers are trying to determine the identity of the body, which can be done by extracting and studying DNA. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the chemical responsible for heredity, and is different in each individual. These are the remains of someone abducted and murdered during the military rule in Argentina between 1976 and 1983. The hole in the skull is testament to a violent death.  Buenos Aires, Argentina. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    ARG_SCI_DNA_09_xs.jpg
  • In a spanking new, richly-appointed research center above a busy shopping street in Tokyo's stylish Harajuku district, Hiroaki Kitano shows off his robot soccer team. In addition to Kitano's humanoid-robot work at Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project, a five-year, government-funded ERATO project, Kitano is the founder and chair of Robot World Cup Soccer (RoboCup), an annual soccer competition for robots. There are four classes of contestants: small, medium, simulated, and dog (using Sony's programmable robot dogs). Kitano's small-class RoboCup team consists of five autonomous robots, which kick a golf ball around a field about the size of a ping-pong table. An overhead video camera feeds information about the location of the players to remote computers, which use the data to control the robots' offensive and defensive moves. Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 213 top.
    Japan_JAP_rs_31_qxxs.jpg
  • Solar energy: Solar Power Tower. Computer Operated Reflectors operated by Sandia National Laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) is the only test facility of this type in the United States. The primary goal of the NSTTF is to provide experimental engineering data for the design, construction, and operation of unique components and systems in proposed solar thermal electrical plants planned for large-scale power generation. Albuquerque, New Mexico. (1980).
    USA_SCI_ENGY_18_xs.jpg
  • Earthquake research. Geophysicist, William Prescott in the computer data room, with earthquake data recording equipment behind him, at the U.S. Geological Survey's laboratory at Menlo Park, California. USA MODEL RELEASED.
    USA_CA_EQ_15_xs.jpg
  • Nautical application of virtual reality used for undersea viewing. NOAA personnel demonstrating a concept developed by Washington University's Human Interface Technology Laboratory; to be able to see underwater objects, fish or terrain by combining sonar with a computer graphics system that would be viewed by the operator wearing laser micro- scanner glasses. Here, a NOAA operator looks out over the stern of a small boat whilst wearing the pink, plastic-rimmed laser glasses & data glove that connect him to the virtual undersea world created by the computer. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_45_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality in undersea exploration: bench testing of an undersea tele-robotic robot arm, being developed for the U.S. Navy by the Centre for Engineering Design at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City. The functions of this robot are the performance of complex underwater tasks by remote manipulation from the surface. Underwater video cameras & other imaging systems relay information to a computer that produces a 3-D virtual image of the seabed. The operator is linked to this world through a headset equipped with 3-D goggles, & spatial sensor, and data gloves or other clothing that relay precision movements back through the computer to tools on the robot's limbs. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_40_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality in undersea exploration: bench testing of an undersea tele-robotic robot arm, being developed for the U.S. Navy by the Center for Engineering Design at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City. The functions of this robot are the performance of complex underwater tasks by remote manipulation from the surface. Underwater video cameras & other imaging systems relay information to a computer that produces a 3-D virtual image of the seabed. The operator is linked to this world through a headset equipped with 3-D goggles, & spatial sensor, and data gloves or other clothing that relay precision movements back through the computer to tools on the robot's limbs. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_39_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality: fitting adjustments being made to a data suit (blue, center) by Lou Ellen Jones, Asif Emon and Bea Holster at VPL research, Redwood City, California. VPL specializes in virtual or artificial reality systems, the production of computer-generated graphical environments that users may enter. Visual contact with such artificial worlds is provided by a headset equipped with 3-D goggles. A spatial sensor on the headset (to fix the user's position in space) and numerous optical fiber sensors woven into the data suit, relay data back to the computer. The forerunner to the data suit is the data glove, which restricted the user's virtual interaction to hand gestures. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_34_xs.jpg
  • Virtual or artificial reality. Alvar Green, CEO of Autodesk in 1990, Playing Cyberspace, a sophisticated videogame designed by AutoDesk Inc., USA. The computer monitor displays an image of one of Cyberspace's virtual (non-real) environments - a room - into which the player enters by wearing a headset & data glove. Two video images of the environment fit are projected into the eyes, whilst physical interaction is achieved through spatial sensors in the headset & optical fibers woven into the black rubber data glove, which send data to the computer on the player's position & movements in space. Alvar Green Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_26_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality: Lewis Hitchner manipulates a pair of video images of the Valles Marineris of the planet Mars, computer-generated from data provided by the Viking spacecraft at NASA's Ames Research Centre, California. Sophisticated computers & sensors provide the user with a telepresence in the virtual world, through small video screens mounted in goggles on a headset, whilst a spherical joystick controls movement through the virtual landscape. One future Martian application of this system might be in gathering geological samples by remote control using a rover robot. A sensor in the geologist's headset could direct the robot at specific sample targets. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_17_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality: Rich Holloway wears prototype headset which employs half-silvered mirrors to enable the user to view a projected image of a virtual environment (and thus exist in virtual reality) and also see in front of his nose. A virtual environment is one created by a computer. A person entering such an environment does so with the aid of such a headset, which displays virtual imagery. Tactile interaction with the environment may be made using a data glove, a Spandex garment wired with sensors, which relays movement of the hand & fingers to the virtual environment. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_13_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality in air traffic control (ATC) systems. Bill Wiseman from the University of Washington Human Interface Technology Laboratory, Seattle, demonstrating how ATC might operate in the future. Optical fiber sensors in his black data glove & the pink-rimmed micro-laser scanner glasses connect the operator with a virtual, computer-generated, 3-D image of the airspace he is controlling. Through raising his gloved hand to touch an icon (projected image) of an approaching jet, he is placed in instant voice communication with the pilot. This photograph was taken with the cooperation of SEA/TAC international airport, Seattle. MODEL RELEASED. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_11_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality in air traffic control (ATC) systems. Bill Wiseman from the University of Washington Human Interface Technology Laboratory, Seattle, demonstrating how ATC might operate in the future. Optical fiber sensors in his black data glove & the pink-rimmed micro-laser scanner glasses connect the operator with a virtual, computer-generated, 3-D image of the airspace he is controlling. Through raising his gloved hand to touch an icon (projected image) of an approaching jet, he is placed in instant voice communication with the pilot. This photograph was taken with the cooperation of SEA/TAC international airport, Seattle. MODEL RELEASED. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_09_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality. Harry Marples, Computer Scientist, programming a system that will allow visitors a 3-D guided tour of a new building before it is even built. Plans for a proposed design are fed into a computer, which is capable of displaying them in sophisticated 3-D graphics. Thus the real building is presented by the computer as a virtual one. Visitors wearing special headsets fitted with video goggles and spatial sensors can move from room to room within the virtual space as if they were in the real world. Optical fibers woven into rubber data gloves provide a tactile dimension. Photo taken at the Computer Science Dept., University of North Carolina. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_07_xs.jpg
  • Applications of virtual reality systems in medical education. Here, Scott Delp and Scott Fisher are using a system developed at NASA's Ames Research Centre in Menlo Park, California, to study the anatomy of the human leg. They both wear a headset equipped with 3-D video displays to view the computer-generated graphical images - one is shown between the two doctors. Physical exploration of the leg anatomy is afforded by using the data glove, a black rubber glove with woven optical fiber sensors, which relays data on their physical hand movements back to the computer. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_06_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality. Harry Marples, Computer Scientist, programming a system that will allow visitors a 3-D guided tour of a new building before it is even built. Plans for a proposed design are fed into a computer, which is capable of displaying them in sophisticated 3-D graphics. Thus the real building is presented by the computer as a virtual one. Visitors wearing special headsets fitted with video goggles and spatial sensors can move from room to room within the virtual space as if they were in the real world. Optical fibers woven into rubber data gloves provide a tactile dimension. Photo taken at the Computer Science Dept., University of North Carolina. Model Released Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_05_xs.jpg
  • Forensic research. (1992) Argentine Forensic Anthropology team in morgue of San Isidrio Hospital measuring and cataloguing bones of a "desparacido" a disappeared Argentinian.  Mercedes Doretti (sleeveless), Patricia Bernardi, Silvana Turner (short hair), Carlos (Marco) Somigliana (beard), Luis Fondebrider.  Data is entered into a computer and eventually they hope to match data to make an ID.  They hope to extract DNA from bones for DNA fingerprinting. Skeleton in a forensic laboratory. The bones have been numbered for identification. The researchers are trying to determine the identity of the body, which can be done by extracting and studying DNA. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the chemical responsible for heredity, and is different in each individual. These are the remains of someone abducted and murdered during the military rule in Argentina between 1976 and 1983. The hole in the skull is testament to a violent death.  Buenos Aires, Argentina. DNA Fingerprinting. MODEL RELEASED
    ARG_SCI_DNA_03_xs.jpg
  • Video Suite animators working at Pacific Data Images (PDI) in Sunnyvale, California.  1992. The company does computer animation and digital film effects: morphing. In 1996 PDI began collaborating with DreamWorks SKG, which then acquired PDI in 2004. .Creating believable 3D animated characters (War Games) and seamless transformations known as morphing ("Black and White" and "She's Mad"), PDI has been at the forefront of computer imagery. The studio pushed the boundaries of morphing in Michael Jackson's video "Black or White" with a sequence of twelve dynamic transformations of moving characters. In the innovative David Byrne video "She's Mad," PDI pioneered the technology called performance animation, capturing the motion of David Byrne and infusing an animated character with his distinctive motion. .
    USA_SCI_COMP_11_xs.jpg
  • G. McQueen, senior animator, in his office of Pacific Data Images (PDI) in Sunnyvale, California.  1992. The company does computer animation and digital film effects: morphing. In 1996 PDI began collaborating with DreamWorks SKG, which then acquired PDI in 2004. .Creating believable 3D animated characters (War Games) and seamless transformations known as morphing ("Black and White" and "She's Mad"), PDI has been at the forefront of computer imagery. The studio pushed the boundaries of morphing in Michael Jackson's video "Black or White" with a sequence of twelve dynamic transformations of moving characters. In the innovative David Byrne video "She's Mad," PDI pioneered the technology called performance animation, capturing the motion of David Byrne and infusing an animated character with his distinctive motion. .
    USA_SCI_COMP_09_xs.jpg
  • Philip Zimmerman: a data security expert who wrote a famous cryptography program for encoding computer communications, at the IT Conference on Computer Freedom and Privacy in San Francisco, California (1995) Zimmermann created a powerful encryption program called "Pretty Good Privacy" (PGP) and made it available for free. Zimmermann is in trouble now because his "cryptography for the masses" slipped out of America via the Internet and has been downloaded by many foreigners. He was being investigated for violating a federal weapons-export-law. (Because it makes it hard for the Feds to eavesdrop on the Internet when people encrypt their messages). Zimmermann was photographed with looking through the encryption code that was printed out on acetate. Model Released. (1995).
    USA_SCI_COMP_05_120_xs.jpg
  • Inside the control room of a 25-meter diameter dish which makes up the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope near Socorro, New Mexico. The VLA is the world's largest radio telescope array, consisting of 27 dish antennae, each one 25 meters in diameter. The dishes can be moved to various positions along the arms of a Y-shaped railway network; two of these railway arms are 21 km in length, the third 19 km. The data obtained by the dishes are combined by computer to form a single radio image, so that the 27 antennae in effect form one single giant radio dish. (1984). Radio Telescope. Los Alamos, New Mexico. (1988)
    USA_SCI_RT_16_xs.jpg
  • View of some of the dish antennae which make up the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope near Socorro, New Mexico. The VLA is the world's largest radio telescope array, consisting of 27 dish antennae, each one 25 meters in diameter. The dishes can be moved to various positions along the arms of a Y-shaped railway network; two of these railway arms are 21 km in length, the third 19 km. The data obtained by the dishes are combined by computer to form a single radio image, so that the 27 antennae in effect form one single giant radio dish. (1984)
    USA_SCI_RT_09_xs.jpg
  • View of some of the dish antennae which make up the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope near Socorro, New Mexico. The VLA is the world's largest radio telescope array, consisting of 27 dish antennae, each one 25 meters in diameter. The dishes can be moved to various positions along the arms of a Y-shaped railway network; two of these railway arms are 21 km in length, the third 19 km. The data obtained by the dishes are combined by computer to form a single radio image, so that the 27 antennae in effect form one single giant radio dish. (1984)
    USA_SCI_RT_08_xs.jpg
  • Astronomer Geoff Marcy on the roof of Cambell Hall at UC Berkeley (California) with 14 inch telescopes. Marcy and his team have detected a large number of exoplanets using data collected from large telescopes at other sites.  Exoplanets & Planet Hunters
    USA_060516_165_rwx.jpg
  • Astronomer Geoff Marcy on the roof of Cambell Hall at UC Berkeley (California) with 14 inch telescopes. Marcy and his team have detected a large number of exoplanets using data collected from large telescopes at other sites.  Exoplanets & Planet Hunters
    USA_060516_135_rwx.jpg
  • The roof of Cambell Hall at UC Berkeley (California) with a 14 inch telescope. The University Campanile is in the background. Geoff Marcy and his team have detected a large number of exoplanets using data collected from large telescopes at other sites.  Exoplanets & Planet Hunters
    USA_060516_122_rwx.jpg
  • Astronomer Geoff Marcy on the roof of Cambell Hall at UC Berkeley (California) with 14 inch telescopes. Marcy and his team have detected a large number of exoplanets using data collected from large telescopes at other sites.  Exoplanets & Planet Hunters
    USA_060516_107_rwx.jpg
  • Force-feedback is widely used in data gloves, which send hand movements to grasping machines. The robot hand, which was built by the students in Mark Cutkosky's Stanford lab, transmits the "feel" of the blocks between its pincers, giving operators a sense of how hard they are gripping. Stanford, CA. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 137 bottom.
    USA_rs_474_qxxs.jpg
  • Students in the laboratory of Professor Fumio Hara and Hiroshi Kobayashi at Science University of Tokyo work on their various robot projects, including the labs' first generation face robot. This three-dimensional human-like animated pneumatic face robot can recognize human facial expressions as well as produce realistic facial expressions in real time. The animated face robot, covered in latex "skin" is equipped with a CCD camera in the left eye and is able to collect facial image data that is used for on-line recognition of human facial expressions.
    Japan_Jap_rs_263_xs.jpg
  • Professor Fumio Hara of the Hara and Kobayashi Lab at Science University of Tokyo with his lab's first-generation robot head, without its skin. This three-dimensional human-like animated pneumatic face robot can recognize human facial expressions as well as produce realistic facial expressions in real time. The animated face robot, covered in latex "skin" is equipped with a CCD camera in the left eye and is able to collect facial image data that is used for on-line recognition of human facial expressions. (Draped in white veil by photographer.)
    Japan_Jap_rs_199_xs.jpg
  • Hanging from a network of cables, Brachiator III quickly swings from "branch" to "branch" like the long-armed ape it was modeled on. (Brachiator refers to "brachiation," moving by swinging from one hold to another.) The robot, which was built in the laboratory of Toshio Fukuda at Nagoya University (Japan), has no sensors on its body. Instead, it tracks its own movements with video cameras located about four meters away. Brightly colored balls attached to the machine help the cameras discern its position. Brachiator's computer, which is adjacent to the camera, takes in the video images of the machine's progress and uses this data to send instructions to the machine's arms and legs. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 87.
    Japan_JAP_rs_272_qxxs.jpg
  • DCM Data Products engineers working on computer-designed printed circuit cards, in 1986.  New Delhi, India.
    IND_068_xs.jpg
  • A collection of coprolite at a fossil fair. Coprolites are the fossilized feces of prehistoric animals. As it is very rare that a sample can be accurately related to a specific genus of animal, coprolites are classified according to their own taxonomy. Particularly well-preserved examples may reveal data on the animal's diet, especially in more recent mammals such as bears and cave lions. Fossil fairs provide a forum for amateur and commercial collector to trade in prehistoric remains. Although frowned upon by many academics, amateur paleontologists have often made finds of previously unknown species. (1991)
    USA_SCI_FOS_27_xs.jpg
  • A collection of coprolite at a fossil fair. Coprolites are the fossilized feces of prehistoric animals. As it is very rare that a sample can be accurately related to a specific genus of animal, coprolites are classified according to their own taxonomy. Particularly well-preserved examples may reveal data on the animal's diet, especially in more recent mammals such as bears and cave lions. Fossil fairs provide a forum for amateur and commercial collector to trade in prehistoric remains. Although frowned upon by many academics, amateur paleontologists have often made finds of previously unknown species. (1991)
    USA_SCI_FOS_26_xs.jpg
  • Solar energy: Solar Power Tower. Computer Operated Reflectors operated by Sandia National Laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) is the only test facility of this type in the United States. The primary goal of the NSTTF is to provide experimental engineering data for the design, construction, and operation of unique components and systems in proposed solar thermal electrical plants planned for large-scale power generation. Albuquerque, New Mexico. (1980).
    USA_SCI_ENGY_20_xs.jpg
  • Solar energy: Solar Power Tower. Computer Operated Reflectors operated by Sandia National Laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) is the only test facility of this type in the United States. The primary goal of the NSTTF is to provide experimental engineering data for the design, construction, and operation of unique components and systems in proposed solar thermal electrical plants planned for large-scale power generation. Albuquerque, New Mexico. (1980).
    USA_SCI_ENGY_19_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality: Michael McGreevy, PhD. in front of a pair of video images of the Valles Marineris of the planet Mars, computer-generated from data provided by the Viking spacecraft at NASA's Ames Research Centre, California. Sophisticated computers & sensors provide the user with a telepresence in the virtual world, through small video screens mounted in goggles on a headset, whilst a spherical joystick controls movement through the virtual landscape. One future Martian application of this system might be in gathering geological samples by remote control using a rover robot. A sensor in the geologist's headset could direct the robot at specific sample targets. Model Released (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_35_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality in air traffic control (ATC) systems. Bill Wiseman from the University of Washington Human Interface Technology Laboratory, Seattle, demonstrating how ATC might operate in the future. Optical fiber sensors in his black data glove & the pink-rimmed micro-laser scanner glasses connect the operator with a virtual, computer-generated, 3-D image of the airspace he is controlling. Through raising his gloved hand to touch an icon (projected image) of an approaching jet, he is placed in instant voice communication with the pilot. This photograph was taken with the cooperation of SEA/TAC international airport, Seattle. MODEL RELEASED. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_12_xs.jpg
  • Virtual reality in air traffic control (ATC) systems. Bill Wiseman from the University of Washington Human Interface Technology Laboratory, Seattle, demonstrating how ATC might operate in the future. Optical fiber sensors in his black data glove & the pink-rimmed micro-laser scanner glasses connect the operator with a virtual, computer-generated, 3-D image of the airspace he is controlling. Through raising his gloved hand to touch an icon (projected image) of an approaching jet, he is placed in instant voice communication with the pilot. This photograph was taken with the cooperation of SEA/TAC international airport, Seattle. MODEL RELEASED. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_10_xs.jpg
  • Virtual sex. Pornographic application of virtual reality, showing a man mauling his virtual conquest provided by his headset and data glove & an unseen computer system. Virtual, in computer parlance, describes equipment or programs that assume one form yet give the illusion of another. Here, the image of the woman is provided by the system through goggles in the head-set; contact is effectively faked by optic-optic sensors in the black, rubber data glove, which relay information on aspect and movement of the man's fingers. Photographed at Autodesk Inc., USA. MODEL RELEASED. (1990)
    USA_SCI_VR_08_xs.jpg
  • SUPER SUPPER WITH I-GOGS"  Photo Illustration for the Future of Communication GEO (Germany) Special issue. Fictional Representation and Caption: Statistics and cultural studies always harked that families who dine "ensemble" have much better relations than those who do not. The time-honored tradition of families eating together fell by the wayside by the end of the 20th century. In the time-starved 21st century, families re-instituted the practice, but with a twist. They ritualistically eat together but are nearly all multi-tasking at the same time. But they can and often do interact with new half-mirrored goggles "I-GOGS" that allow virtually any computer/TV/school/ or video game program to be played at any time. Mealtime became an opportunity to share data as well as food. The Elkins family of Yountville, California are all surfing various audio-visual entertainment nodes while partaking of their Friday evening fish logs, sports drinks and Jello. MODEL RELEASED.
    USA_SCI_COMM_04_xs.jpg
  • K. Schneider, Technical Director, in her office of Pacific Data Images (PDI) in Sunnyvale, California.  1992. The company does computer animation and digital film effects: morphing. In 1996 PDI began collaborating with DreamWorks SKG, which then acquired PDI in 2004. .Creating believable 3D animated characters (War Games) and seamless transformations known as morphing ("Black and White" and "She's Mad"), PDI has been at the forefront of computer imagery. The studio pushed the boundaries of morphing in Michael Jackson's video "Black or White" with a sequence of twelve dynamic transformations of moving characters. In the innovative David Byrne video "She's Mad," PDI pioneered the technology called performance animation, capturing the motion of David Byrne and infusing an animated character with his distinctive motion. .
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  • Pacific Data Images (PDI) morning conference. The company does computer animation and digital film effects: morphing.  1992 at the office in Sunnyvale, California. In 1996 PDI began collaborating with DreamWorks SKG, which then acquired PDI in 2004. .Creating believable 3D animated characters (War Games) and seamless transformations known as morphing ("Black and White" and "She's Mad"), PDI has been at the forefront of computer imagery. The studio pushed the boundaries of morphing in Michael Jackson's video "Black or White" with a sequence of twelve dynamic transformations of moving characters. In the innovative David Byrne video "She's Mad," PDI pioneered the technology called performance animation, capturing the motion of David Byrne and infusing an animated character with his distinctive motion.
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  • Carl Rosendahl, founder of Pacific Data Images (PDI). His company does computer animation and digital film effects: morphing. 1992 at the office in Sunnyvale, California. In 1996 PDI began collaborating with DreamWorks SKG, which then acquired PDI in 2004. Creating believable 3D animated characters (War Games) and seamless transformations known as morphing ("Black and White" and "She's Mad"), PDI has been at the forefront of computer imagery. The studio pushed the boundaries of morphing in Michael Jackson's video "Black or White" with a sequence of twelve dynamic transformations of moving characters. In the innovative David Byrne video "She's Mad," PDI pioneered the technology called performance animation, capturing the motion of David Byrne and infusing an animated character with his distinctive motion.
    USA_SCI_COMP_06_xs.jpg
  • Philip Zimmerman: a data security expert who has written a famous cryptography program for encoding computer communications, at the IT Conference on Computer Freedom and Privacy in San Francisco, California. Zimmermann created a powerful encryption program called "Pretty Good Privacy" (PGP) and made it available for free. Zimmermann is in trouble now because his "cryptography for the masses" slipped out of America via the Internet and has been downloaded by many foreigners. He was being investigated for violating a federal weapons-export-law. (Because it makes it hard for the Feds to eavesdrop on the Internet when people encrypt their messages). Zimmermann was photographed with an encryption code projected on his face in two colors. Model Released. (1995).
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  • View of some of the dish antennae which make up the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope near Socorro, New Mexico. The VLA is the world's largest radio telescope array, consisting of 27 dish antennae, each one 25 meters in diameter. The dishes can be moved to various positions along the arms of a Y-shaped railway network; two of these railway arms are 21 km in length, the third 19 km. The data obtained by the dishes are combined by computer to form a single radio image, so that the 27 antennae in effect form one single giant radio dish. (1984)
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  • View of some of the dish antennae which make up the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope near Socorro, New Mexico. The VLA is the world's largest radio telescope array, consisting of 27 dish antennae, each one 25 meters in diameter. The dishes can be moved to various positions along the arms of a Y-shaped railway network; two of these railway arms are 21 km in length, the third 19 km. The data obtained by the dishes are combined by computer to form a single radio image, so that the 27 antennae in effect form one single giant radio dish. (1984)
    USA_SCI_RT_10_xs.jpg
  • View of some of the dish antennae which make up the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope near Socorro, New Mexico. The VLA is the world's largest radio telescope array, consisting of 27 dish antennae, each one 25 meters in diameter. The dishes can be moved to various positions along the arms of a Y-shaped railway network; two of these railway arms are 21 km in length, the third 19 km. The data obtained by the dishes are combined by computer to form a single radio image, so that the 27 antennae in effect form one single giant radio dish. (1984).
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  • Astronomer Geoff Marcy on the roof of Cambell Hall at UC Berkeley (California) with 14 inch telescopes. Marcy and his team have detected a large number of exoplanets using data collected from large telescopes at other sites.  Exoplanets & Planet Hunters
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  • Wedged into her small, cluttered workspace in the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in Cambridge, MA., researcher Cynthia Breazeal holds a mirror to Kismet, the robot head she has been working on for two years. The cameras behind Kismet's big blue eyes send data to its computer, which has software allowing the robot to detect people and bright toys visually. In addition, the software recognizes people by vocal affect. Then, following its programming, it reacts, twisting its features in a comically exaggerated display of emotion. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 66.
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  • In a spanking new, richly-appointed research center above a busy shopping street in Tokyo's stylish Harajuku district, Hiroaki Kitano shows off his robot soccer team. In addition to Kitano's humanoid-robot work at Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project, a five-year, government-funded ERATO project, Kitano is the founder and chair of Robot World Cup Soccer (RoboCup), an annual soccer competition for robots. There are four classes of contestants: small, medium, simulated, and dog (using Sony's programmable robot dogs). Kitano's small-class RoboCup team consists of five autonomous robots, which kick a golf ball around a field about the size of a ping-pong table. An overhead video camera feeds information about the location of the players to remote computers, which use the data to control the robots' offensive and defensive moves. Japan. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 213 bottom.
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  • Kurt I, a 32-cm-long robot, crawls through a simulated sewer network on the grounds of the Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverabeitung-Forschungs-zentrum Informationstechnik GmbH (GMD), a government-owned R&D center outside Bonn, Germany. Every ten years, Germany's 400,000 kilometers of sewers must be inspected, at a cost of $9 per meter. Today, vehicles tethered to long data cables explore remote parts of the system. Because the cables restrict the vehicle's mobility and range, GMD engineers have built Kurt I, which crawls through sewers itself. To pilot itself, the robot?or, rather, its successor model, Kurt II?will use two low-power lasers to beam a checkerboardlike grid into its path. When the gridlines curve, indicating a bend or intersection in the pipe ahead, Kurt II will match the curves against a digital map in its "brain" and pilot itself to its destination. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 194
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  • By flexing his data-gloved hand, robotics specialist Fredrik L. Rehnmark controls the NASA robonaut as it reaches for a battery-operated power drill on a test platform. Black goggles on Rehnmark's head give him the view from the twin digital cameras mounted in the robot's shiny carapace. Next to Rehnmark, engineer Hal A. Aldridge tracks the robot's test results. In a cavernous adjacent room in the Johnson Space Center  in Texas is a life-sized mock-up of the robonaut's future home: the NASA space shuttle. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 132-133.
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  • The robotic hand developed at the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center), in the countryside outside Munich, Germany, demonstrates the power of a control technique called force-feedback. To pick up an object, Max Fischer (in control room), one of the hand's developers, uses the data-glove to transmit the motion of his hand to the robot. If he moves a finger, the robot moves the corresponding finger. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 135.
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  • Delicately handling a pretzel, the robotic hand developed at the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center), in the countryside outside Munich, Germany, demonstrates the power of a control technique called force-feedback. To pick up an object, Max Fischer (in control room), one of the hand's developers, uses the data-glove to transmit the motion of his hand to the robot. If he moves a finger, the robot moves the corresponding finger. Early work on remote-controlled robots foundered when the machines unwittingly crushed the objects they were manipulating. From the book Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, page 134.
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Peter Menzel Photography

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