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Proton Decay

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  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter. .Dr. Oscar Saavedra outside the door to the tunnel experiment with traffic streaming by. Oscar Saavedra, experimenter in the Mont Blanc Proton Decay group. The experiment consists of a 150-ton cube of iron sheets, interleaved with Geiger counter tubes. The cube has to be large enough to provide a mass of protons that will bring the probability of a decay event occurring within practical bounds, made difficult by the half life of the proton being 10 to the power 34 years.  (1985).
    FRA_SCI_PHY_01_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter..The iron stack, which forms the proton decay experiment at Frejus, France. The stack consists of iron bars interspersed with Geiger tubes, and is designed to provide enough protons to bring the probability of observing a decay event into realistic proportions, made difficult by the half- life of the proton being ten to the power 34 years. (1985)
    FRA_SCI_PHY_03_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter. View of the NUSEX (Nucleon Stability Experiment) proton decay detector located in a garage area off the Mont Blanc tunnel under some 5000 meters of rock which shields it from most cosmic radiation. (1985)
    FRA_SCI_PHY_02_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter. View of the entrance to the French side of the Mont Blanc tunnel, inside which is located the NUSEX proton decay experiment. The tunnel runs between France & Italy under Mont Blanc. NUSEX is located several kilometers inside the tunnel, on the French side of the border, in one of the garage areas dug out of the rock at regular intervals along the tunnel. .View of the NUSEX (Nucleon Stability Experiment) proton decay detector located in a garage area off the Mont Blanc tunnel under some 5000 meters of rock which shields it from most cosmic radiation. (1985)
    FRA_SCI_PHY_04_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter. Dr. Narasimham. Gold mine at Kolar, site of India's proton decay experiment. The experiment consists of 150 tons of iron tube arranged in a cubic layout 6000 feet (1828 meters) below ground. Each tube is converted to act like a large Geiger counter, and is designed to detect the products from the decay of a proton. The half- life of the proton is estimated at 10 to the power 34 years, so the experiment has to contain as many protons as possible for the probability of an event occurring to be realistic. India. MODEL RELEASED (1985)
    IND_SCI_PHY_01_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter. Dr. Narasimham. Gold mine at Kolar, site of India's proton decay experiment. The experiment consists of 150 tons of iron tube arranged in a cubic layout 6000 feet (1828 meters) below ground. Each tube is converted to act like a large Geiger counter, and is designed to detect the products from the decay of a proton. The half- life of the proton is estimated at 10 to the power 34 years, so the experiment has to contain as many protons as possible for the probability of an event occurring to be realistic.  India. MODEL RELEASED (1985)
    IND_SCI_PHY_02_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter..Mine workers passing the entrance to the Kolar proton decay experiment, 6,000 feet underground in a gold mine in India. The experiment consists of 150 tons of iron tube arranged in a cubic layout. Each tube is converted to act like a large Geiger counter, and is designed to detect the products from the decay of a proton. The half-life of the proton is estimated at 10 to the power 34 years, so the experiment has to contain as many protons as possible for the probability of an event occurring to be realistic. India. (1985)
    IND_SCI_PHY_03_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter..The tubular iron detector of the Kolar proton decay experiment, 6,000 feet underground in a gold mine in India. The experiment consists of 150 tons of iron tube arranged in a cubic layout. Each tube is converted to act like a large Geiger counter, and is designed to detect the products from the decay of a proton. The half-life of the proton is estimated at 10 to the power 34 years, so the experiment has to contain as many protons as possible for the probability of an event occurring to be realistic.   India. (1985)
    IND_SCI_PHY_04_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter..Entrance of the gold mine at Kolar, site of India's proton decay experiment. The experiment consists of 150 tons of iron tube arranged in a cubic layout 6000 feet (1828 meters) below ground. Each tube is converted to act like a large Geiger counter, and is designed to detect the products from the decay of a proton. The half- life of the proton is estimated at 10 to the power 34 years, so the experiment has to contain as many protons as possible for the probability of an event occurring to be realistic. India. (1985)
    IND_SCI_PHY_05_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter. .Proton decay. A technician holding a 20" (50cm) photomultiplier tube used in the search for proton decay. Hundreds of such tubes line a tank containing 9000 tons of water some 1000 meters underground in a zinc mine in Japan. Japan. (1985)
    Japan_JAP_SCI_PHY_01_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter..View of the entrance of Tokyo University's Proton Decay Experiment. 1,000 50-centimeter photomultiplier tubes line the 12-meter deep tank of water form the experiment. The water contains enough protons to provide an average of one decay event per year, an event that may be detected by these tubes as the particles from the decay cause a visible light phenomenon known as Cerenkov radiation. The experiment is taking place 914 meters underground in a zinc mine below Mt. Ikenoyama to minimize the effects of cosmic rays. Japan. (1985).
    Japan_JAP_SCI_PHY_04_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter..Proton decay. A technician [works with] a 20" (50cm) photomultiplier tube used in the search for proton decay. Hundreds of such tubes line a tank containing 9000 tons of water some 1000 meters underground in a zinc mine in Japan. Tokyo University's Kamiokande experiment was designed to look for decaying protons. If a proton decays, the charged particles it generates move through the water faster than light, and so generate blue 'Cerenkov' radiation. It is this that the photomultipliers detect. Computers then decide whether the event was a decay, or a collision with a solar neutrino. Japan. (1985)
    Japan_JAP_SCI_PHY_02_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter. Dr. Masatoshi Koshiba, director of Tokyo University's Proton Decay Experiment. Dr. Koshiba is seen holding one of the 1,000 50 centimeter photomultiplier tubes that line the 12-meter deep tank of water that forms the experiment. The water contains enough protons to provide an average of one decay event per year, an event that may be detected by these tubes as the particles from the decay cause a visible light phenomenon known as Cerenkov radiation. The experiment is taking place 914 meters underground in a zinc mine below Mt. Ikenoyama to minimize the effects of cosmic rays..Japan. MODEL RELEASED (1985)
    Japan_JAP_SCI_PHY_03_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Proton Decay control room. Cleveland, Ohio, Morton Salt Mine proton decay detector located 600 meters underground in the Morton salt mine near Cleveland, Ohio, which consists of a massive tank containing 21 cubic meters of ultra pure water, its walls lined with photomultiplier tubes, which detect faint flashes of Cerenkov light emitted by the passage of charged particles. [1985]
    USA_SCI_PHY_24_xs.jpg
  • Physics: Proton Decay. Ohio, Morton Salt Mine 1985. Proton decay detector located 600 meters underground in the Morton salt mine near Cleveland, Ohio, which consists of a massive tank containing 21 cubic meters of ultra pure water, its walls lined with photomultiplier tubes, which detect faint flashes of Cerenkov light emitted by the passage of charged particles. MODEL RELEASED
    USA_SCI_PHY_28_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter. A technician checking Perspex plates at the IMB Proton Decay Experiment site. The IMB Project is named after the sponsoring institutions, University of California at Irvine, University of Michigan and the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The experiment consists of a 60-foot deep tank filled with 8,000 tons of purified water, dug into the Morton-Thiokol salt mine at Painesville, Ohio, some 2,000 feet underground. The proton decay event will be detected by an array of 2,048 photomultipliers that line the tank. Proton decay is essential in most Grand Unified Theories of the fundamental forces, but to date no firm evidence of the decay has been found.
    USA_SCI_PHY_34_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter..Physics: Proton Decay. Ohio, Morton Salt Mine (1985). Proton decay detector located 600 meters underground in the Morton salt mine near Cleveland, Ohio.which consists of a massive tank containing 21 cubic meters of ultra pure water, its walls lined with photomultiplier tubes, which detect faint flashes of Cerenkov light emitted by the passage of charged particles.
    USA_SCI_PHY_35_xs.jpg
  • Proton decay experiment to determine the ultimate stability of matter..Physics: Proton Decay. Ohio, Morton Salt Mine (1985). Proton decay detector located 600 meters underground in the Morton salt mine near Cleveland, Ohio.which consists of a massive tank containing 21 cubic meters of ultra pure water, its walls lined with photomultiplier tubes, which detect faint flashes of Cerenkov light emitted by the passage of charged particles
    USA_SCI_PHY_36_xs.jpg
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