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Peter Menzel Photography
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![Physics: Geneva, Switzerland/CERN: John Bell (b.1928), Theoretical Physicist. John Bell was a theoretical physicist at CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics. He invented the "Bell inequalities" which allowed a better understanding of the foundations of quantum mechanics, the physics of the very small. MODEL RELEASED [1987]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000dw4o1FUkYYg/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000dw4o1FUkYYg.jpg)
![Physics: Geneva, Switzerland/CERN: John Bell (b.1928), Theoretical Physicist. John Bell was a theoretical physicist at CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics. He invented the "Bell inequalities" which allowed a better understanding of the foundations of quantum mechanics, the physics of the very small. MODEL RELEASED [1987]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000C82MgNyCEs4/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000C82MgNyCEs4.jpg)
![Physics: Samuel C.C. Ting (b.1936), Project Director of the L-3 Detector Experiment at CERN's Large Electron- Positron Collider (LEP). Sam Ting won the 1976 Nobel Prize for physics (shared with Burton Richter), following his discovery of the J/Psi particle at the Brookhaven Laboratory in 1974. The J/Psi particle, and the Psi-prime particle discovered by Richter, implied the existence of two new quarks, Charm and anti-Charm. The L-3 experiment at CERN is designed to search for the fundamental particles of nature and the mechanism by which they receive their mass. MODEL RELEASED [1988]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000Avn.DVM7dhk/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000Avn.DVM7dhk.jpg)
![Physics: Geneva, Switzerland/CERN: L-3 Experiment. Russian scientist Yuri Kamishkou seen with the Hadron Calorimeter. CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. The L-3 experiment is part of CERN's Large Electron- Positron Collider (LEP), inaugurated on 13 November 1989. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries. MODEL RELEASED [1988]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000r0kKtXJMM_E/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000r0kKtXJMM_E.jpg)
![Physics: Geneva, Switzerland. CERN: L-3 Experiment. A technician (K. Reismann) works inside the L3 detector at CERN, the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. The L-3 experiment is part of CERN's Large Electron- Positron Collider (LEP), inaugurated on 13 November 1989. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together, like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries. Aachen Group. MODEL RELEASED [1988].](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I000062_UPZRZ6zg/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I000062_UPZRZ6zg.jpg)
![Physics: Assembly of Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) Crystal for the L-3 experiment at CERN. BGO (formula Bi4 Ge3 O12) is used to detect electrons and photons generated by electron- positron collisions in the LEP Collider ring. When an electron or photon enters the crystal, its energy is converted into light. The light is channeled by the crystal to photodiodes, producing an electronic signal. 11, 000 crystals, totaling 12 tons in weight, are used in the detector, measuring the energy and position of the incoming particles at very high resolution. The LEP and L- 3 detector were inaugurated on 13 November 1989. Geneva, Switzerland..CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries. MODEL RELEASED [1988]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000aijwUd.DOQo/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000aijwUd.DOQo.jpg)
![Physics: Patrice Lebrun works on the detector for the L-3 experiment at CERN, which uses a Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) Crystal. BGO (formula Bi4 Ge3 O12) is used to detect electrons and photons generated by electron- positron collisions in the LEP Collider ring. When an electron or photon enters the crystal, its energy is converted into light. The light is channeled by the crystal to photodiodes, producing an electronic signal. 11, 000 crystals, totaling 12 tons in weight, are used in the detector, measuring the energy and position of the incoming particles at very high resolution. The LEP and L- 3 detector were inaugurated on 13 November 1989. Geneva, Switzerland..CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries. MODEL RELEASED [1988]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000jCzb6JkQqlY/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000jCzb6JkQqlY.jpg)
![Physics: Scientist Hans Hofer at CERN..CERN is the European centre for particle physics near Geneva. L3 is one of 4 giant particle detectors at the LEP Collider. LEP collides electrons & positrons accelerated to an energy of 50 GeV in a circular tunnel 100m underground & 27km in circumference. L3 is a cylindrical assembly of many types of apparatus - hadron & electromagnetic calorimeters, drift chambers, & a time projection chamber - which fit together like layers of an onion around the point where the particles collide. L3 is a collaboration of 460 physicists from institutions in 13 countries..Geneva, Switzerland. MODEL RELEASED [1988]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000DQGrcOF_IuE/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000DQGrcOF_IuE.jpg)
![Physics: Scientist checking the sense wires of the muon detector inside the clean room of CERN's L-3 experiment during construction in [1988] The detector consists of 250, 000 beryllium and tungsten wires mounted in 80 chambers. A pair of positive and negative muons may be produced by the collision of an electron and a positron, the wires detect the muons and measure their momentum. The L-3 experiment is part of CERN's Large Electron- Positron Collider (LEP), inaugurated on 13 November 1989. [1988].](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000Ov1.3kPVXew/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000Ov1.3kPVXew.jpg)
![The particle physics collaboration group in the detector pit of the L-3 experiment at CERN's Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) ring during its construction in [1988] (Sam Ting bottom left, in trench coat.) The pit now contains detectors that can measure and identify the various electrons, muons and photons that are emitted following collision events. The main part of the detector is the large magnet, contained in a cubic space of 12 meters each side and weighing 7810 tons. The magnet surrounds the particle detectors; the vertex chamber, the electromagnetic calorimeter, the hadron calorimeter and the muon chamber. The LEP ring was inaugurated on 13 November 1989. [1988]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000dyMYn.5tUzI/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000dyMYn.5tUzI.jpg)
![The particle physics collaboration group in the detector pit of the L-3 experiment at CERN's Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) ring during its construction in [1988] (Sam Ting bottom left in trench coat.) The pit now contains detectors that can measure and identify the various electrons, muons and photons that are emitted following collision events. The main part of the detector is the large magnet, contained in a cubic space of 12 meters each side and weighing 7810 tons. The magnet surrounds the particle detectors; the vertex chamber, the electromagnetic calorimeter, the hadron calorimeter and the muon chamber. The LEP ring was inaugurated on 13 November 1989. The LEP ring was inaugurated on 13 November 1989. [1988].](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000nfvRObjyXjY/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I0000nfvRObjyXjY.jpg)
![Physics: Assembly of Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) Crystal for the L-3 experiment at CERN. BGO (formula Bi4 Ge3 O12) is used to detect electrons and photons generated by electron- positron collisions in the LEP Collider ring. When an electron or photon enters the crystal, its energy is converted into light. The light is channeled by the crystal to photodiodes, producing an electronic signal. 11, 000 crystals, totaling 12 tons in weight, are used in the detector, measuring the energy and position of the incoming particles at very high resolution. The LEP and L- 3 detector were inaugurated on 13 November 1989. Geneva, Switzerland. [1988]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I00004.kpK_3GdfU/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000bDqn1vW59ow/I00004.kpK_3GdfU.jpg)