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Created 19 Jan 2013
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Peter Menzel Photography
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![Genetically engineered tomato plants. Geneticist Dr Virginia Ursin examines cultures of Flavr Savr tomato plants; the first genetically engineered whole food. Each dish contains seedlings cultured from a single cell, grown on agarose medium. Flavr Savr tomatoes have a gene that allows the fruit to ripen on the vine without softening; so they are tastier, don't need ripening with ethylene gas, and are not damaged during shipping. Tomato softening occurs due to the enzyme polygalacturonase. Flavr Savr tomatoes contain an anti-sense gene that blocks the enzyme. This tomato entered American supermarkets in 1994 but was withdrawn from the marketplace by Monsanto (which bought Calgene in 1997). Research at Calgene, California, USA. MODEL RELEASED.[1995]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000r_XF2AHkdIk/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000r_XF2AHkdIk.jpg)
![Genetically engineered tomato plants. Geneticist Dr. Virginia Ursin examines cultures of Flavr Savr tomato plants; the first genetically engineered whole food. Each dish contains seedlings cultured from a single cell, grown on agarose medium. Flavr Savr tomatoes have a gene that allows the fruit to ripen on the vine without softening; so they are tastier, don't need ripening with ethylene gas, and are not damaged during shipping. Tomato softening occurs due to the enzyme polygalacturonase. Flavr Savr tomatoes contain an anti-sense gene that blocks the enzyme. This tomato entered American supermarkets in 1994 but was withdrawn from the marketplace by Monsanto (which bought Calgene in 1997). Research at Calgene, California, USA. MODEL RELEASED [1995]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000LcgMqijyW94/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000LcgMqijyW94.jpg)
![Genetically engineered tomato plants. Geneticist Dr Virginia Ursin examines cultures of Flavr Savr tomato plants; the first genetically engineered whole food. Each dish contains seedlings cultured from a single cell, grown on agarose medium. Flavr Savr tomatoes have a gene that allows the fruit to ripen on the vine without softening; so they are tastier, don't need ripening with ethylene gas, and are not damaged during shipping. Tomato softening occurs due to the enzyme polygalacturonase. Flavr Savr tomatoes contain an anti-sense gene that blocks the enzyme. This tomato entered American supermarkets in 1994 but was withdrawn from the marketplace by Monsanto (which bought Calgene in 1997). Research at Calgene, California, USA. MODEL RELEASED [1995]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000jdQAv1Zvelk/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000jdQAv1Zvelk.jpg)
![Genetically engineered tomato plants. The petri dish contains cultures of Flavr Savr tomato plants; the first genetically engineered whole food. Each plantlet has been cultured from a single cell, grown on agarose medium. Flavr Savr tomatoes have a gene that allows the fruit to ripen on the vine without softening; so they are tastier, do not need ripening with ethylene gas, and are not damaged during shipping. Tomato softening occurs due to the enzyme polygalacturonase. Flavr Savr tomatoes contain an anti-sense gene that blocks the enzyme. This tomato entered American supermarkets in 1994 but was withdrawn from the marketplace by Monsanto (which bought Calgene in 1997). Research conducted at Calgene in California, USA. [1995]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000HMy1scIQnWw/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000HMy1scIQnWw.jpg)
![Genetically engineered tomato plants. The petri dish contains cultures of Flavr Savr tomato plants; the first genetically engineered whole food. Each plantlet has been cultured from a single cell, grown on agarose medium. Flavr Savr tomatoes have a gene that allows the fruit to ripen on the vine without softening; so they are tastier, do not need ripening with ethylene gas, and are not damaged during shipping. Tomato softening occurs due to the enzyme polygalacturonase. Flavr Savr tomatoes contain an anti-sense gene that blocks the enzyme. Research conducted at Calgene in California, USA. [1995].](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I00005vibbtPS9CY/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I00005vibbtPS9CY.jpg)
![Examination of the DNA banding pattern in an electrophoresis gel, during the preparation of a DNA sequencing autoradiogram. DNA (obtained from a plant cell in this case) is cut into fragments by a restriction enzyme. These fragments are separated into bands by the electrophoresis process. The banding pattern in pink fluorescence is revealed under ultraviolet light. Photo taken at Escagen, Inc., San Carlos, California, USA. [1987]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000xfCyZm4OA.I/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000xfCyZm4OA.I.jpg)
![Chiron Therapeutics. Robotic Synthesizer. Emeryville, California. [1995]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000oOSP776BoZQ/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000oOSP776BoZQ.jpg)
![Plant biotechnology research into the cultivation of disease-free potatoes, showing coated (white) & uncoated potato seeds. Scientists are working to provide growers with the ability to plant an acre with no more than one pound of seed, instead of the tons of tubers (seed potatoes) presently required to do the job. Seed also has the advantage that it is less likely to rot in storage: the resulting reduction in waste is projected to reduce growers' costs by $100 per acre. Photo taken at Escagen Corporation, San Carlos, California. .[1987].](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000cn6U9kF1Ydk/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000cn6U9kF1Ydk.jpg)
![Assortment of the genetic varieties (hybrids) of corn produced for experimental cultivation. Different strains display variation in thickness, length and color of the cob, and the number of grains on the cob. Escagen Corporation, San Carlos, California. [1987].](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000.ijpsLL0a5o/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000.ijpsLL0a5o.jpg)
![Zaiger Tissue Culture Lab. Floyd Zaiger (Born 1926) is a biologist who is most noted for his work in fruit genetics. Zaiger Genetics, located in Modesto, California, was founded in 1958. Over the years, Zaiger has received numerous awards in the US and Europe. He has spent his life in pursuit of the perfect fruit, developing both cultivars of existing species and new hybrids such as the pluot and the aprium. [1983]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000AZhDqpO20Co/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000AZhDqpO20Co.jpg)
![Biotechnology: Vanilla plants growing from tissue culture held by Dr. Raymond Moshy, CEO of Escagen, Inc., San Carlos, Northern California. MODEL RELEASED.[1987]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000FNAX9a3W7mU/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000FNAX9a3W7mU.jpg)
![MODEL RELEASED. Immunodeficiency research. Dr. Don Mosier with a computer display showing a SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mouse that he has implanted with a human immune system. This research may help to understand syndromes such as AIDS and SCID. The rare genetic mutation of SCID, found in mice and humans, destroys the immune system and the body is unable to fight infection. Dr Mosier managed to implant disease-fighting human white blood cells into SCID mice giving them a permanent human immune system. This breakthrough enables researchers at the Scripps Research Institute in California, USA, to study human immune disorders such as AIDS, leukemia and allergies. MODEL RELEASED.[1995]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000xL0I5o5auT8/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000xL0I5o5auT8.jpg)
![MODEL RELEASED. Immunodeficiency research. Dr Don Mosier counts mouse and human cells in a SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mouse that he implanted with a human immune system. The device at right is a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The rare genetic mutation of SCID, found in both mice and humans, destroys the immune system and the body is unable to fight infection. Dr Mosier managed to implant disease-fighting human white blood cells into SCID mice giving them a permanent human immune system. This breakthrough enables researchers at the Scripps Research Institute in California, USA, to study human immune disorders such as SCID, AIDS, leukemia and allergies. MODEL RELEASED.[1995]](https://www.menzelphoto.com/img-get2/I0000UBFc91Svkv0/fit=180x180/fill=/g=G0000sJ_EpOzyV0M/I0000UBFc91Svkv0.jpg)